+@article { jollymore09,
+ author = AJollymore #" and "# CLethias #" and "# QPeng #" and "# YCao #"
+ and "# HLi,
+ title = "Nanomechanical properties of tenascin-{X} revealed by single-
+ molecule force spectroscopy",
+ year = 2009,
+ month = jan,
+ day = 30,
+ journal = JMB,
+ volume = 385,
+ number = 4,
+ pages = "1277--1286",
+ issn = "1089-8638",
+ doi = "10.1016/j.jmb.2008.11.038",
+ url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.11.038",
+ keywords = "Animals;Biomechanics;Cattle;Fibronectins;Kinetics;Microscopy,
+ Atomic Force;Protein Folding;Protein Structure, Tertiary;Spectrum
+ Analysis;Tenascin",
+ abstract = "Tenascin-X is an extracellular matrix protein and binds a
+ variety of molecules in extracellular matrix and on cell membrane.
+ Tenascin-X plays important roles in regulating the structure and
+ mechanical properties of connective tissues. Using single-molecule
+ atomic force microscopy, we have investigated the mechanical properties
+ of bovine tenascin-X in detail. Our results indicated that tenascin-X
+ is an elastic protein and the fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains can
+ unfold under a stretching force and refold to regain their mechanical
+ stability upon the removal of the stretching force. All the 30 FnIII
+ domains of tenascin-X show similar mechanical stability, mechanical
+ unfolding kinetics, and contour length increment upon domain unfolding,
+ despite their large sequence diversity. In contrast to the homogeneity
+ in their mechanical unfolding behaviors, FnIII domains fold at
+ different rates. Using the 10th FnIII domain of tenascin-X (TNXfn10) as
+ a model system, we constructed a polyprotein chimera composed of
+ alternating TNXfn10 and GB1 domains and used atomic force microscopy to
+ confirm that the mechanical properties of TNXfn10 are consistent with
+ those of the FnIII domains of tenascin-X. These results lay the
+ foundation to further study the mechanical properties of individual
+ FnIII domains and establish the relationship between point mutations
+ and mechanical phenotypic effect on tenascin-X. Moreover, our results
+ provided the opportunity to compare the mechanical properties and
+ design of different forms of tenascins. The comparison between
+ tenascin-X and tenascin-C revealed interesting common as well as
+ distinguishing features for mechanical unfolding and folding of
+ tenascin-C and tenascin-X and will open up new avenues to investigate
+ the mechanical functions and architectural design of different forms of
+ tenascins."
+}
+