From 5589b552cf067ee3a4d5e91219633f08a1809ae2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Gianelloni Date: Wed, 27 Jul 2005 19:17:18 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Forward port README.txt and Getting_Online.txt files from catalyst 1.1.10.8's release. git-svn-id: svn+ssh://svn.gentoo.org/var/svnroot/catalyst/trunk@813 d1e1f19c-881f-0410-ab34-b69fee027534 --- ChangeLog | 7 +- livecd/files/Getting_Online.txt | 400 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ livecd/files/README.txt | 113 +++++++++ 3 files changed, 519 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 livecd/files/Getting_Online.txt create mode 100644 livecd/files/README.txt diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog index 9571fd6c..ca5fbe6f 100644 --- a/ChangeLog +++ b/ChangeLog @@ -1,5 +1,10 @@ # Copyright 2002-2005 Gentoo Foundation; Distributed under the GPL v2 -# $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/src/catalyst/ChangeLog,v 1.309 2005/07/22 16:05:18 rocket Exp $ +# $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/src/catalyst/ChangeLog,v 1.310 2005/07/27 19:17:18 wolf31o2 Exp $ + + 27 Jul 2005; Chris Gianelloni + +livecd/files/Getting_Online.txt, +livecd/files/README.txt: + Forward port README.txt and Getting_Online.txt files from catalyst + 1.1.10.8's release. 22 Jul 2005; Eric Edgar targets/support/rc-update.sh: Add automatic creation/deletion of runlevels based on rcadd rcdel diff --git a/livecd/files/Getting_Online.txt b/livecd/files/Getting_Online.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f682d12f --- /dev/null +++ b/livecd/files/Getting_Online.txt @@ -0,0 +1,400 @@ + Configuring your Network + + Content: + * Automatic Network Detection + * Automatic Network Configuration + * Manual Network Configuration + + a. Automatic Network Detection + + Maybe it just works? + + If your system is plugged into an Ethernet network with a DHCP server, it + is very likely that your networking configuration has already been set up + automatically for you. If so, you should be able to take advantage of the + many included network-aware commands on the Installation CD such as ssh, + scp, ping, irssi, wget and links, among others. + + If networking has been configured for you, the /sbin/ifconfig command + should list some network interfaces besides lo, such as eth0: + + Code Listing 1: /sbin/ifconfig for a working network configuration + # /sbin/ifconfig + (...) + eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:8F:61:7A + inet addr:192.168.0.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 + inet6 addr: fe80::50:ba8f:617a/10 Scope:Link + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:1498792 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:1284980 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:1984 txqueuelen:100 + RX bytes:485691215 (463.1 Mb) TX bytes:123951388 (118.2 Mb) + Interrupt:11 Base address:0xe800 + + Optional: Configure any Proxies + + If you access the Internet through a proxy, you might need to set up proxy + information during the installation. It is very easy to define a proxy: + you just need to define a variable which contains the proxy server + information. + + In most cases, you can just define the variables using the server + hostname. As an example, we assume the proxy is called proxy.gentoo.org + and the port is 8080. + + Code Listing 2: Defining proxy servers + (If the proxy filters HTTP traffic) + # export http_proxy="http://proxy.gentoo.org:8080" + (If the proxy filters FTP traffic) + # export ftp_proxy="ftp://proxy.gentoo.org:8080" + (If the proxy filters RSYNC traffic) + # export RSYNC_PROXY="proxy.gentoo.org:8080" + + If your proxy requires a username and password, you should use the + following syntax for the variable: + + Code Listing 3: Adding username/password to the proxy variable + http://username:password@proxy.gentoo.org:8080 + + Testing the Network + + You may want to try pinging your ISP's DNS server (found in + /etc/resolv.conf) and a Web site of your choice, just to make sure that + your packets are reaching the net, DNS name resolution is working + correctly, etc. + + Code Listing 4: Further network testing + # ping -c 3 www.yahoo.com + + If you are now able to use your network, you can skip the rest of this + document. If not, read on. + + b. Automatic Network Configuration + + If the network doesn't work immediately, some installation media allow you + to use net-setup (for regular or wireless networks), adsl-setup (for + ADSL-users) or pptp (for PPTP-users - only available on x86). + + If your installation medium does not contain any of these tools or your + network doesn't function yet, continue with Manual Network Configuration. + + * Regular Ethernet users should continue with Default: Using net-setup + * ADSL users should continue with Alternative: Using RP-PPPoE + * PPTP users should continue with Alternative: Using PPTP + + Default: Using net-setup + + The simplest way to set up networking if it didn't get configured + automatically is to run the net-setup script: + + Code Listing 5: Running the net-setup script + # net-setup eth0 + + net-setup will ask you some questions about your network environment. When + all is done, you should have a working network connection. Test your + network connection as stated before. If the tests are positive, + congratulations! You are now ready to install Gentoo and can skip the + rest of this document. + + If your network still doesn't work, continue with Manual Network + Configuration. + + Alternative: Using RP-PPPoE + + Assuming you need PPPoE to connect to the internet, the Installation CD + (any version) has made things easy for you by including rp-pppoe. Use the + provided adsl-setup script to configure your connection. You will be + prompted for the ethernet device that is connected to your adsl modem, + your username and password, the IPs of your DNS servers and if you need a + basic firewall or not. + + Code Listing 6: Using rp-pppoe + # adsl-setup + # adsl-start + + If something goes wrong, double-check that you correctly typed your + username and password by looking at /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or + /etc/ppp/chap-secrets and make sure you are using the right ethernet + device. If your ethernet device doesn't exist, you will have to load the + appropriate network modules. In that case you should continue with Manual + Network Configuration as we explain how to load the appropriate network + modules there. + + If everything worked, continue with Preparing the Disks. + + Alternative: Using PPTP + + Note: PPTP support is only available for x86 + + If you need PPTP support, you can use pptpclient which is provided by our + Installation CDs. But first you need to make sure that your configuration + is correct. Edit /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or /etc/ppp/chap-secrets so it + contains the correct username/password combination: + + Code Listing 7: Editing /etc/ppp/chap-secrets + # nano -w /etc/ppp/chap-secrets + + Then adjust /etc/ppp/options.pptp if necessary: + + Code Listing 8: Editing /etc/ppp/options.pptp + # nano -w /etc/ppp/options.pptp + + When all that is done, just run pptp (along with the options you couldn't + set in options.pptp) to connect the server: + + Code Listing 9: Connection to a dial-in server + # pptp + + Now continue with Preparing the Disks. + + c. Manual Network Configuration + + Loading the Appropriate Network Modules + + When the Installation CD boots, it tries to detect all your hardware + devices and loads the appropriate kernel modules (drivers) to support your + hardware. In the vast majority of cases, it does a very good job. However, + in some cases, it may not auto-load the kernel modules you need. + + If net-setup or adsl-setup failed, then it is possible that your network + card wasn't found immediately. This means you may have to load the + appropriate kernel modules manually. + + To find out what kernel modules we provide for networking, use ls: + + Code Listing 10: Searching for provided modules + # ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net + + If you find a driver for your network card, use modprobe to load the + kernel module: + + Code Listing 11: Using modprobe to load a kernel module + (As an example, we load the pcnet32 module) + # modprobe pcnet32 + + To check if your network card is now detected, use ifconfig. A detected + network card would result in something like this: + + Code Listing 12: Testing availability of your network card, successful + # ifconfig eth0 + eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FD:00:00:00:00 + BROADCAST NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 + RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) + + If however you receive the following error, the network card is not + detected: + + Code Listing 13: Testing availability of your network card, failed + # ifconfig eth0 + eth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found + + If you have multiple network cards in your system they are named eth0, + eth1, etc. Make sure that the network card you want to use works well and + remember to use the correct naming throughout this document. We will + assume that the network card eth0 is used. + + Assuming that you now have a detected network card, you can retry + net-setup or adsl-setup again (which should work now), but for the + hardcore people amongst you we explain how to configure your network + manually. + + Select one of the following sections based on your network setup: + + * Using DHCP for automatic IP retrieval + * Preparing for Wireless Access if you have a wireless card + * Understanding Network Terminology explains what you need to know about + networking + * Using ifconfig and route explains how to set up your networking + manually + + Using DHCP + + DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) makes it possible to + automatically receive networking information (IP address, netmask, + broadcast address, gateway, nameservers etc.). This only works if you have + a DHCP server in your network (or if your provider provides a DHCP + service). To have a network interface receive this information + automatically, use dhcpcd: + + Code Listing 14: Using dhcpcd + # dhcpcd eth0 + Some network admins require that you use the + hostname and domainname provided by the DHCP server. + In that case, use + # dhcpcd -HD eth0 + + If this works (try pinging some internet server, like Google), then you + are all set and ready to continue. Skip the rest of this section and + continue with Preparing the Disks. + + Preparing for Wireless Access + + Note: Support for the iwconfig command is only available on x86, amd64 and + ppc Installation CDs. You can still get the extensions working otherwise + by following the instructions of the linux-wlan-ng project. + + If you are using a wireless (802.11) card, you may need to configure your + wireless settings before going any further. To see the current wireless + settings on your card, you can use iwconfig. Running iwconfig might show + something like: + +Code Listing 15: Showing the current wireless settings +# iwconfig eth0 +eth0 IEEE 802.11-DS ESSID:"GentooNode" + Mode:Managed Frequency:2.442GHz Access Point: 00:09:5B:11:CC:F2 + Bit Rate:11Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm Sensitivity=0/65535 + Retry limit:16 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off + Power Management:off + Link Quality:25/10 Signal level:-51 dBm Noise level:-102 dBm + Rx invalid nwid:5901 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx + excessive retries:237 Invalid misc:350282 Missed beacon:84 + + Note: Some wireless cards may have a device name of wlan0 or ra0 instead + of eth0. Run iwconfig without any command-line parameters to determine the + correct device name. + + For most users, there are only two settings that might be important to + change, the ESSID (aka wireless network name) or the WEP key. If the ESSID + and Access Point address listed are already that of your access point and + you are not using WEP, then your wireless is working. If you need to + change your ESSID, or add a WEP key, you can issue the following commands: + + Code Listing 16: Changing ESSID and/or adding WEP key + (This sets the network name to "GentooNode") + # iwconfig eth0 essid GentooNode + + (This sets a hex WEP key) + # iwconfig eth0 key 1234123412341234abcd + + (This sets an ASCII key - prefix it with "s:") + # iwconfig eth0 key s:some-password + + You can then confirm your wireless settings again by using iwconfig. Once + you have wireless working, you can continue configuring the IP level + networking options as described in the next section (Understanding Network + Terminology) or use the net-setup tool as described previously. + + Understanding Network Terminology + + Note: If you know your IP address, broadcast address, netmask and + nameservers, then you can skip this subsection and continue with Using + ifconfig and route. + + If all of the above fails, you will have to configure your network + manually. This is not difficult at all. However, you need to be familiar + with some network terminology, as you will need it to be able to configure + your network to your satisfaction. After reading this, you will know what + a gateway is, what a netmask serves for, how a broadcast address is formed + and why you need nameservers. + + In a network, hosts are identified by their IP address (Internet Protocol + address). Such an address is a combination of four numbers between 0 and + 255. Well, at least that is how we perceive it. In reality, such an IP + address consists of 32 bits (ones and zeros). Let's view an example: + + Code Listing 17: Example of an IP address + IP Address (numbers): 192.168.0.2 + IP Address (bits): 11000000 10101000 00000000 00000010 + -------- -------- -------- -------- + 192 168 0 2 + + Such an IP address is unique to a host as far as all accessible networks + are concerned (i.e. every host that you are able to reach must have a + unique IP address). In order to distinguish between hosts inside and + outside a network, the IP address is divided in two parts: the network + part and the host part. + + The separation is written down with the netmask, a collection of ones + followed by a collection of zeros. The part of the IP that can be mapped + on the ones is the network-part, the other one is the host-part. As usual, + the netmask can be written down as an IP-address. + + Code Listing 18: Example of network/host separation + IP-address: 192 168 0 2 + 11000000 10101000 00000000 00000010 + Netmask: 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 + 255 255 255 0 + +--------------------------+--------+ + Network Host + + In other words, 192.168.0.14 is still part of our example network, but + 192.168.1.2 is not. + + The broadcast address is an IP-address with the same network-part as your + network, but with only ones as host-part. Every host on your network + listens to this IP address. It is truly meant for broadcasting packets. + + Code Listing 19: Broadcast address + IP-address: 192 168 0 2 + 11000000 10101000 00000000 00000010 + Broadcast: 11000000 10101000 00000000 11111111 + 192 168 0 255 + +--------------------------+--------+ + Network Host + + To be able to surf on the internet, you must know which host shares the + Internet connection. This host is called the gateway. Since it is a + regular host, it has a regular IP address (for instance 192.168.0.1). + + We previously stated that every host has its own IP address. To be able to + reach this host by a name (instead of an IP address) you need a service + that translates a name (such as dev.gentoo.org) to an IP address (such as + 64.5.62.82). Such a service is called a name service. To use such a + service, you must define the necessary name servers in /etc/resolv.conf. + + In some cases, your gateway also serves as nameserver. Otherwise you will + have to enter the nameservers provided by your ISP. + + To summarise, you will need the following information before continuing: + + Network Item Example + Your IP address 192.168.0.2 + Netmask 255.255.255.0 + Broadcast 192.168.0.255 + Gateway 192.168.0.1 + Nameserver(s) 195.130.130.5, 195.130.130.133 + + Using ifconfig and route + + Setting up your network consists of three steps. First we assign ourselves + an IP address using ifconfig. Then we set up routing to the gateway using + route. Then we finish up by placing the nameserver IPs in + /etc/resolv.conf. + + To assign an IP address, you will need your IP address, broadcast address + and netmask. Then execute the following command, substituting ${IP_ADDR} + with your IP address, ${BROADCAST} with your broadcast address and + ${NETMASK} with your netmask: + + Code Listing 20: Using ifconfig + # ifconfig eth0 ${IP_ADDR} broadcast ${BROADCAST} netmask ${NETMASK} up + + Now set up routing using route. Substitute ${GATEWAY} with your gateway IP + address: + + Code Listing 21: Using route + # route add default gw ${GATEWAY} + + Now open /etc/resolv.conf with your favorite editor (in our example, we + use nano): + + Code Listing 22: Creating /etc/resolv.conf + # nano -w /etc/resolv.conf + + Now fill in your nameserver(s) using the following as a template. Make + sure you substitute ${NAMESERVER1} and ${NAMESERVER2} with the appropriate + nameserver addresses: + + Code Listing 23: /etc/resolv.conf template + nameserver ${NAMESERVER1} + nameserver ${NAMESERVER2} + + That's it. Now test your network by pinging some Internet server (like + Google). If this works, congratulations then. You are now ready to install + Gentoo. + + The contents of this document are licensed under the Creative Commons - + Attribution / Share Alike license. diff --git a/livecd/files/README.txt b/livecd/files/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0f052ff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/livecd/files/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ + +This file lists the possible command line options that can be used to tweak +the boot process of this CD. This lists the Gentoo-specific options, along +with a few options that are built-in to the kernel, but that have been proven +very useful to our users. Also, all options that start with "do" have a "no" +inverse, that does the opposite. For example, "doscsi" enables SCSI support +in the initial ramdisk boot, while "noscsi" disables it. + +Hardware options: + +acpi=on This loads support for ACPI and also causes the acpid daemon to + be started by the CD on boot. This is only needed if your + system requires ACPI to function properly. This is not required + for Hyperthreading support. +acpi=off Completely disables ACPI. This is useful on some older systems, + and is also a requirement for using APM. This will disable any + Hyperthreading support of your processor. +console=X This sets up serial console access for the CD. The first + option is the device, usually ttyS0 on x86, followed by any + connection options, which are comma separated. The default + options are 9600,8,n,1. +dmraid=X This allows for passing options to the device-mapper RAID + subsystem. Options should be encapsulated in quotes. +doapm This loads APM driver support. This requires you to also use + acpi=off. +dopcmcia This loads support for PCMCIA and Cardbus hardware and also + causes the pcmcia cardmgr to be started by the CD on boot. + This is only required when booting from a PCMCIA/Cardbus device. +doscsi This loads support for most SCSI controllers. This is also a + requirement for booting most USB devices, as they use the SCSI + subsystem of the kernel. +hda=stroke This allows you to partition the whole hard disk even when your + BIOS is unable to handle large disks. This option is only used + on machines with an older BIOS. Replace hda with the device + that is requiring this option. +ide=nodma This forces the disabling of DMA in the kernel and is required + by some IDE chipsets and also by some CDROM drives. If your + system is having trouble reading from your IDE CDROM, try this + option. This also disables the default hdparm settings from + being executed. +noapic This disables the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller + that is present on newer motherboards. It has been known to + cause some problems on older hardware. +nodetect This disables all of the autodetection done by the CD, including + device autodetection and DHCP probing. This is useful for doing + debugging of a failing CD or driver. +nodhcp This disables DHCP probing on detected network cards. This is + useful on networks with only static addresses. +nodmraid Disables support for device-mapper RAID, such as that used for + on-board IDE/SATA RAID controllers. +nofirewire This disables the loading of Firewire modules. This should only + be necessary if your Firewire hardware is causing a problem with + booting the CD. +nogpm This diables gpm console mouse support. +nohotplug This disables the loading of the hotplug and coldplug init + scripts at boot. This is useful for doing debugging of a + failing CD or driver. +nokeymap This disables the keymap selection used to select non-US + keyboard layouts. +nolapic This disables the local APIC on Uniprocessor kernels. +nosata This disables the loading of Serial ATA modules. This is useful + if your system is having problems with the SATA subsystem. +nosmp This disables SMP, or Symmetric Multiprocessing, on SMP-enabled + kernels. This is useful for debugging SMP-related issues with + certain drivers and motherboards. +nosound This disables sound support and volume setting. This is useful + for systems where sound support causes problems. +nousb This disables the autoloading of USB modules. This is useful + for debugging USB issues. + +Volume/Device Management: + +dodevfs This enables the deprecated device filesystem on 2.6 systems. + You will also need to use noudev for this to take effect. + Since devfs is the only option with a 2.4 kernel, this option + has no effect if booting a 2.4 kernel. +doevms2 This enables support for IBM's pluggable EVMS, or Enterprise + Volume Management System. This is not safe to use with lvm2. +dolvm2 This enables support for Linux's Logical Volume Management. + This is not safe to use with evms2. +noudev This disables udev support on 2.6 kernels. This option requires + that dodevfs is used. Since udev is not an option for 2.4 + kernels, this options has no effect if booting a 2.4 kernel. +unionfs Enables support for Unionfs on supported CD images. This will + create a writable Unionfs overlay in a tmpfs, allowing you to + change any file on the CD. +unionfs=X Enables support for Unionfs on supported CD images. This will + create a writable Unionfs overlay on the device you specify. + The device must be formatted with a filesystem recognized and + writable by the kernel. + +Other options: + +debug Enables debugging code. This might get messy, as it displays + a lot of data to the screen. +docache This caches the entire runtime portion of the CD into RAM, which + allows you to umount /mnt/cdrom and mount another CDROM. This + option requires that you have at least twice as much available + RAM as the size of the CD. +noload=X This causes the initial ramdisk to skip the loading of a + specific driver that may be causing a problem. Replace X with + the driver name. Multiple drivers can be specified by a + comma-separated list. +nox This causes an X-enabled LiveCD to not automatically start X, + but rather, to drop to the command line instead. +scandelay This causes the CD to pause for 10 seconds during certain + portions the boot process to allow for devices that are slow to + initialize to be ready for use. +scandelay=X This allows you to specify a given delay, in seconds, to be + added to certain portions of the boot process to allow for + devices that are slow to initialize to be ready for use. + Replace X with the number of seconds to pause. + -- 2.26.2