Optimize "diff-index --cached" using cache-tree

Optimize "diff-index --cached" using cache-tree

When running "diff-index --cached" after making a change to only a small
portion of the index, there is no point unpacking unchanged subtrees into
the index recursively, only to find that all entries match anyway.  Tweak
unpack_trees() logic that is used to read in the tree object to catch the
case where the tree entry we are looking at matches the index as a whole
by looking at the cache-tree.

As an exercise, after modifying a few paths in the kernel tree, here are
a few numbers on my Athlon 64X2 3800+:

    (without patch, hot cache)
    $ /usr/bin/time git diff --cached --raw
    :100644 100644 b57e1f5... e69de29... M  Makefile
    :100644 000000 8c86b72... 0000000... D  arch/x86/Makefile
    :000000 100644 0000000... e69de29... A  arche
    0.07user 0.02system 0:00.09elapsed 102%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
    0inputs+0outputs (0major+9407minor)pagefaults 0swaps

    (with patch, hot cache)
    $ /usr/bin/time ../git.git/git-diff --cached --raw
    :100644 100644 b57e1f5... e69de29... M  Makefile
    :100644 000000 8c86b72... 0000000... D  arch/x86/Makefile
    :000000 100644 0000000... e69de29... A  arche
    0.02user 0.00system 0:00.02elapsed 103%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
    0inputs+0outputs (0major+2446minor)pagefaults 0swaps

Cold cache numbers are very impressive, but it does not matter very much
in practice:

    (without patch, cold cache)
    $ su root sh -c 'echo 3 >/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
    $ /usr/bin/time git diff --cached --raw
    :100644 100644 b57e1f5... e69de29... M  Makefile
    :100644 000000 8c86b72... 0000000... D  arch/x86/Makefile
    :000000 100644 0000000... e69de29... A  arche
    0.06user 0.17system 0:10.26elapsed 2%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
    247032inputs+0outputs (1172major+8237minor)pagefaults 0swaps

    (with patch, cold cache)
    $ su root sh -c 'echo 3 >/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
    $ /usr/bin/time ../git.git/git-diff --cached --raw
    :100644 100644 b57e1f5... e69de29... M  Makefile
    :100644 000000 8c86b72... 0000000... D  arch/x86/Makefile
    :000000 100644 0000000... e69de29... A  arche
    0.02user 0.01system 0:01.01elapsed 3%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
    18440inputs+0outputs (79major+2369minor)pagefaults 0swaps

This of course helps "git status" as well.

    (without patch, hot cache)
    $ /usr/bin/time ../git.git/git-status >/dev/null
    0.17user 0.18system 0:00.35elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
    0inputs+5336outputs (0major+10970minor)pagefaults 0swaps

    (with patch, hot cache)
    $ /usr/bin/time ../git.git/git-status >/dev/null
    0.10user 0.16system 0:00.27elapsed 99%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
    0inputs+5336outputs (0major+3921minor)pagefaults 0swaps

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>