systems\citep{bustamante08}.
% What do genes do? Why is protein folding interesting?
-An organism's genetic code is stored in DNA in the cell nucleus.
+An organism's genetic code is stored in DNA%
+\nomenclature{DNA}{Deoxyribonucleic Acid}
+in the cell nucleus.
DNA sequencing is a fairly well developed field, with fundamental work
such as the Human Genome Project seeing major development in the early
2000s\citep{wolfsberg01,mcpherson01,collins03}. It is estimated that
These techniques include optical measurements, \ie, single molecule
fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, and mechanical manipulations
of individual macromolecules, \ie, force microscopy and spectroscopy
-using atomic force microscopes (AFMs), laser tweezers\citep{forde02},
-magnetic tweezers\citep{smith92}, biomembrane force
-probes\citep{merkel99}, and centrifugal
+using atomic force microscopes (AFMs)%
+\nomenclature{AFM}{Atomic Force Microscope (or Microscopy)},
+laser tweezers\citep{forde02}, magnetic tweezers\citep{smith92},
+biomembrane force probes\citep{merkel99}, and centrifugal
microscopes\citep{halvorsen2010}. Of these mechanical manipulation
methods, AFM is the most widely used due to the availability of
user-friendly commercial instruments. AFM has been employed on
several types of biological macromolecules, mechanically unfolding
proteins\citep{carrion-vazquez99b} and forcing structural transitions
-in DNA\citep{rief99} and polysaccharides\citep{rief97a}. An AFM uses
-a sharp tip integrated at the end of a cantilever to interact with the
-sample. Cantilever bending is measured by a laser reflected off the
-cantilever and incident on a position sensitive photodetector
-(\cref{fig:afm-schematic}). When the bending force constant of the
-cantilever is known\citep{levy02}, the force applied to the sample can
-be calculated.
+in DNA\citep{rief99} and polysaccharides\citep{rief97a}. An
+AFM\index{AFM} uses a sharp tip integrated at the end of a cantilever
+to interact with the sample. Cantilever bending is measured by a
+laser reflected off the cantilever and incident on a position
+sensitive photodetector (\cref{fig:afm-schematic}). When the bending
+force constant of the cantilever is known\citep{levy02}, the force
+applied to the sample can be calculated.
% really, AFM can do this ;)
The forces that can be applied and measured with an AFM range from
\begin{figure}
\asyfig{figures/schematic/afm}%
- \caption{Operating principle for Atomic Force Microscopy. A sharp
- tip integrated at the end of a cantilever interacts with the
- sample. Cantilever bending is measured by a laser reflected off
- the cantilever and incident on a position sensitive
- photodetector.\label{fig:afm-schematic}}
+ \caption{Operating principle for an Atomic Force
+ Microscope\index{AFM}. A sharp tip integrated at the end of a
+ cantilever interacts with the sample. Cantilever bending is
+ measured by a laser reflected off the cantilever and incident on a
+ position sensitive photodetector.\label{fig:afm-schematic}}
\end{figure}
--- /dev/null
+%%
+%% This is file `nomencl.ist',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% nomencl.dtx (with options: `idxstyle')
+%%
+%% Copyright 1996 Boris Veytsman
+%% Copyright 1999-2001 Bernd Schandl
+%% www http://sarovar.org/projects/nomencl
+%%
+%% This file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+%% of the LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
+%% archives in the directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+%% version 1.2 of the license, or (at your option) any later version.
+%%
+%%
+%% Nomenclature style file for MAKEINDEX.
+%% For nomencl v2.5 (and later)
+%%
+%% Formats glossary entries to show, e.g. nomenclature of equations.
+%%
+%% Written by Boris Veytsman boris@plmsc.psu.edu
+%% Changed by Bernd Schandl schandl@gmx.net (starting 1999/02/20)
+%% Changed by Lee Netherton ltn100@users.sourceforge.net
+%% (starting 2005/03/31)
+%%
+%% Changes:
+%% 2005/04/27. Updates to the documentation, including support for hyperref (LN)
+%% 2005/04/20. Improvements to Italian option, and minor documentation
+%% changes (LN)
+%% 2005/03/31. Made more compatible with other glossary packages. (LN)
+%% Added option to include nomenclature in TOC. (LN)
+%% 1996/11/25. Change quote character to % (BV)
+%% 1999/02/20. Removed setting of actual to its default value
+%% Removed setting of quote to '%' to get its default '"' instead
+%% Changed group_skip to do nothing; user should use \nomgroup
+%% Changed spacing in gls file
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%
+%% ---- for input file ----
+keyword "\\nomenclatureentry"
+%% Germans might want to change this and delete the two %%
+%% quote '"'
+%% ---- for output file ----
+preamble "\\begin{thenomenclature} \n"%
+postamble "\n\n\\end{thenomenclature}\n" group_skip "\n"
+delim_0 ""
+delim_1 ""
+delim_2 ""
+%% The next lines will produce some warnings when
+%% running Makeindex as they try to cover two different
+%% versions of the program:
+lethead_prefix "\n \\nomgroup{"
+lethead_suffix "}\n"
+lethead_flag 1
+heading_prefix "\n \\nomgroup{"
+heading_suffix "}\n"
+headings_flag 1
--- /dev/null
+%%
+%% This is file `nomencl.sty',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% nomencl.dtx (with options: `package')
+%%
+%% Copyright 1996 Boris Veytsman
+%% Copyright 1999-2001 Bernd Schandl
+%% www http://sarovar.org/projects/nomencl
+%%
+%% This file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+%% of the LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
+%% archives in the directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+%% version 1.2 of the license, or (at your option) any later version.
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%
+\ProvidesPackage{nomencl}%
+ [2005/09/22 v4.2 Nomenclature package (LN)]
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\newif\if@printeqref
+\newif\if@printpageref
+\newif\if@intoc
+\newif\if@compatibilitymode
+\DeclareOption{refeq}{\@printeqreftrue}
+\DeclareOption{norefeq}{\@printeqreffalse}
+\DeclareOption{refpage}{\@printpagereftrue}
+\DeclareOption{norefpage}{\@printpagereffalse}
+\DeclareOption{intoc}{\@intoctrue}
+\DeclareOption{notintoc}{\@intocfalse}
+\DeclareOption{compatible}{\@compatibilitymodetrue}
+\DeclareOption{noncompatible}{\@compatibilitymodefalse}
+\DeclareOption{prefix}{\def\nomprefix{a}}
+\DeclareOption{noprefix}{\def\nomprefix{}}
+\newif\if@loadcfg
+\DeclareOption{cfg}{\@loadcfgtrue}
+\DeclareOption{nocfg}{\@loadcfgfalse}
+\DeclareOption{croatian}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, vidi jednad\v{z}bu\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, stranica\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Popis simbola}}
+\DeclareOption{danish}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, se ligning\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, side\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Symbolliste}}
+\DeclareOption{english}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, see equation\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, page\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Nomenclature}}
+\DeclareOption{french}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, voir \'equation\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, page\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Liste des symboles}}
+\DeclareOption{german}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, siehe Gleichung\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, Seite\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Symbolverzeichnis}}
+\DeclareOption{italian}{%
+\def\eqdeclaration#1{, vedi equazione\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+\def\pagedeclaration#1{, pagina\nobreakspace#1}%
+\def\nomname{Elenco dei simboli}}
+\DeclareOption{polish}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, porownaj rownanie\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, strona\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Lista symboli}}
+\DeclareOption{portuguese}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, veja equa\c{c}\~ao\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, p\'agina\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Nomenclatura}}
+\DeclareOption{russian}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, \cyrs\cyrm.\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, \cyrs\cyrt\cyrr.\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{\CYRS\cyrp\cyri\cyrs\cyro\cyrk%
+ \ \cyro\cyrb\cyro\cyrz\cyrn\cyra\cyrch\cyre\cyrn\cyri%
+ \cyrishrt}}
+\DeclareOption{spanish}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, v\'ease la ecuaci\'on\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, p\'agina\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{Nomenclatura}}
+\DeclareOption{ukrainian}{%
+ \def\eqdeclaration#1{, \cyrd\cyri\cyrv.\nobreakspace(#1)}%
+ \def\pagedeclaration#1{, \cyrs\cyrt\cyro\cyrr.\nobreakspace#1}%
+ \def\nomname{\CYRP\cyre\cyrr\cyre\cyrl\cyrii\cyrk%
+ \ \cyrp\cyro\cyrz\cyrn\cyra\cyrch\cyre\cyrn\cyrsftsn}}
+\ExecuteOptions{noncompatible,notintoc,norefeq,norefpage,prefix,cfg,english}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+\if@compatibilitymode%
+ \def\@outputfileextension{.glo}%
+ \def\@inputfileextension{.gls}%
+\else%
+ \def\@outputfileextension{.nlo}%
+ \def\@inputfileextension{.nls}%
+\fi%
+\def\makenomenclature{%
+ \newwrite\@nomenclaturefile
+ \immediate\openout\@nomenclaturefile=\jobname\@outputfileextension
+ \def\@nomenclature{%
+ \@bsphack
+ \begingroup
+ \@sanitize
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\@@@nomenclature}{\@@@nomenclature[\nomprefix]}}%
+ \typeout{Writing nomenclature file \jobname\@outputfileextension}%
+ \let\makenomenclature\@empty}
+\if@compatibilitymode\let\makeglossary\makenomenclature\fi%
+\def\nom@verb{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning}
+\def\nomenclature{\protect\@nomenclature}
+\def\@nomenclature{%
+ \@bsphack
+ \begingroup
+ \@sanitize
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\@@nomenclature}{\@@nomenclature[\nomprefix]}}
+\def\@@nomenclature[#1]#2#3{\endgroup\@esphack}
+\def\@@@nomenclature[#1]#2#3{%
+ \def\@tempa{#2}\def\@tempb{#3}%
+ \protected@write\@nomenclaturefile{}%
+ {\string\nomenclatureentry{#1\nom@verb\@tempa @[{\nom@verb\@tempa}]%
+ \begingroup\nom@verb\@tempb\protect\nomeqref{\theequation}%
+ |nompageref}{\thepage}}%
+ \endgroup
+ \@esphack}
+\def\nomgroup#1{}
+\newdimen\nomlabelwidth
+\nomlabelwidth1cm\relax
+\newdimen\nom@tempdim
+\def\printnomenclature{%
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\@printnomenclature}{\@printnomenclature[\nomlabelwidth]}}
+\def\@printnomenclature[#1]{%
+ \nom@tempdim#1\relax
+ \@input@{\jobname\@inputfileextension}}
+\if@compatibilitymode\let\printglossary\printnomenclature\fi%
+\def\nomlabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\nompreamble{}
+\def\nompostamble{}
+\def\nomentryend{}
+\newskip\nomitemsep
+\nomitemsep\itemsep
+\def\thenomenclature{%
+ \@ifundefined{chapter}%
+ {
+ \section*{\nomname}
+ \if@intoc\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\nomname}\fi%
+ }%
+ {
+ \chapter*{\nomname}
+ \if@intoc\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\nomname}\fi%
+ }%
+
+ \nompreamble
+ \list{}{%
+ \labelwidth\nom@tempdim
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \itemsep\nomitemsep
+ \let\makelabel\nomlabel}}
+\def\endthenomenclature{%
+ \endlist
+ \nompostamble}
+\def\nomrefeq{\@printeqreftrue}
+\def\nomrefpage{\@printpagereftrue}
+\def\nomrefeqpage{\@printeqreftrue\@printpagereftrue}
+\def\nomnorefeq{\@printeqreffalse}
+\def\nomnorefpage{\@printpagereffalse}
+\def\nomnorefeqpage{\@printeqreffalse\@printpagereffalse}
+\def\nomeqref#1{\if@printeqref\eqdeclaration{#1}\fi\ignorespaces}
+\def\nompageref#1{\if@printpageref\pagedeclaration{#1}\fi%
+ \nomentryend\endgroup}
+\if@loadcfg
+ \InputIfFileExists{nomencl.cfg}{%
+ \typeout{Using the configuration file nomencl.cfg}}{}
+\fi
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `nomencl.sty'.