\section{Single Molecule Protein Folding Studies}
\label{sec:single-molecule}
-The large size of proteins relative to simpler molecules imposes
-certain limitations on the information attainable from bulk
-measurements, because the macromolecules in a population can have
-diverse conformations and behaviors. Bulk measurements average over
-these differences, producing excellent statistics for the mean, but
-making it difficult to understand the variation. The individualized,
-and sometimes rare, behaviors of macromolecules can have important
-implications for their functions inside the cell. Single molecule
-techniques, in which the macromolecules are studied one at a time,
-allow direct access to the variation within the population without
-averaging. This provides important and complementary information
-about the functional mechanisms of several biological
-systems\citep{bustamante08}.
+The large size of proteins relative to simpler molecules limits the
+information attainable from bulk measurements, because the
+macromolecules in a population can have diverse conformations and
+behaviors. Bulk measurements average over these differences,
+producing excellent statistics for the mean, but making it difficult
+to understand the variation. The individualized, and sometimes rare,
+behaviors of macromolecules can have important implications for their
+functions inside the cell. Single molecule techniques, in which the
+macromolecules are studied one at a time, allow direct access to the
+variation within the population without averaging. This provides
+important and complementary information about the functional
+mechanisms of several biological systems\citep{bustamante08}.
Single molecule techniques provide an opportunity to study protein
folding and unfolding at the level of a single molecule, where the