Windows: teach getenv to do a case-sensitive search

Windows: teach getenv to do a case-sensitive search

getenv() on Windows looks up environment variables in a case-insensitive
manner. Even though all documentations claim that the environment is
case-insensitive, it is possible for applications to pass an environment
to child processes that has variables that differ only in case. Bash on
Windows does this, for example, and sh-i18n--envsubst depends on this
behavior.

With this patch environment variables are first looked up in a
case-sensitive manner; only if this finds nothing, the system's getenv() is
used as a fallback.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>