Add streaming filter API

Add streaming filter API

This introduces an API to plug custom filters to an input stream.

The caller gets get_stream_filter("path") to obtain an appropriate
filter for the path, and then uses it when opening an input stream
via open_istream().  After that, the caller can read from the stream
with read_istream(), and close it with close_istream(), just like an
unfiltered stream.

This only adds a "null" filter that is a pass-thru filter, but later
changes can add LF-to-CRLF and other filters, and the callers of the
streaming API do not have to change.

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>