detect close failure on just-written file handles

detect close failure on just-written file handles

I audited git for potential undetected write failures.
In the cases fixed below, the diagnostics I add mimic the diagnostics
used in surrounding code, even when that means not reporting
the precise strerror(errno) cause of the error.

Signed-off-by: Jim Meyering <jim@meyering.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>