replace_object: add mechanism to replace objects found in "refs/replace/"

replace_object: add mechanism to replace objects found in "refs/replace/"

The code implementing this mechanism has been copied more-or-less
from the commit graft code.

This mechanism is used in "read_sha1_file". sha1 passed to this
function that match a ref name in "refs/replace/" are replaced by
the sha1 that has been read in the ref.

We "die" if the replacement recursion depth is too high or if we
can't read the replacement object.

Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>