tree-walk: don't parse incorrect entries

tree-walk: don't parse incorrect entries

The current code can access memory outside of the tree buffer in the
case of malformed tree entries.

This patch prevents this by:

 * The rest of the buffer must be at least 24 bytes (at least 1 byte
   mode, 1 blank, at least one byte path name, 1 NUL, 20 bytes sha1).

 * Check that the last NUL (21 bytes before the end) is present.
   This ensures that strlen() and get_mode() calls stay within the
   buffer.

 * The mode may not be empty. We have only to reject a blank at the
   begin, as the rest is handled by if (c < '0' || c > '7').

 * The blank is ensured by get_mode().

 * The path must contain at least one character.

Signed-off-by: Martin Koegler <mkoegler@auto.tuwien.ac.at>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>