\newcommand{\invitro}{\emph{in vitro}} % latin for "in glass"
\newcommand{\invivo}{\emph{in vivo}} % latin for "in living organisms"
+\newcommand{\gui}[1]{\emph{#1}} % highlighting for quotes from a GUI
+
\newcommand{\ensuretext}[1]{\ensuremath{\text{#1}}}
% Hyeon and Thirumalai equation number #1
\newcommand{\HTeq}[1]{\ensuretext{\emph{H\&T eq.\ {#1}}}}
\newcommand{\Cu}{Cu\textsuperscript{2+}}
\newcommand{\Cl}{Cl\textsuperscript{-}}
\newcommand{\HCl}{HCl}
+\newcommand{\KCl}{KCl}
+\newcommand{\MgCl}{MgCl\textsubscript{2}}
\newcommand{\Na}{Na\textsuperscript{+}}
\newcommand{\NaCl}{NaCl}
\newcommand{\diNaHPO}{Na\textsubscript{2}HPO\textsubscript{4}}